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Opioid medicines are powerful prescription treatments used for certain types of pain. Common examples include oxycodone, hydrocodone, morphine, fentanyl and tramadol.
They work by interacting with opioid receptors involved in the body’s perception of pain.
Why Are Opioids Prescribed?
Opioids may be considered when pain is severe enough to require them and alternative treatments are insufficient. FDA guidance emphasizes careful evaluation of the benefits and risks.
Important Risks
Potential risks include:
- Drowsiness
- Constipation
- Dizziness
- Physical dependence
- Misuse
- Addiction
- Overdose
- Respiratory depression
Risk can increase when opioids are combined with alcohol, benzodiazepines or other central nervous system depressants.
Opioids Are Not Always the First Choice
Some pain conditions can respond to non-opioid medication, physical therapy, exercise, behavioral approaches or other treatments. The best treatment depends on the underlying condition.
Safe Use Matters
Patients should take prescription opioids exactly as directed and should never increase the dose or frequency without discussing it with their healthcare professional.
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